Medical Errors :: Health, Miscommunication, Work Loads

In year 2000 Institute of medicine (IOM) reported that around 98,000 plurality die each year (Kohn, 2000). The main reason for this incident is medical errors. Medical errors cost around $29 billion loss for heath cautiousness industry (Slonim, LaFleur, Ahmed, & Joseph, 2003). These medical errors caused people to be more than in hospitals, more diagnostic evaluations, un-necessary treatments, and also resulted in many deaths.Medical error is defined as failure of planned action to be completed as intended or use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim (Kohn, 2000). submission wrong medical information causes adverse effect on drugs and care given to patients. Lack of proper medical record will cause patients to period more in hospitals, more disability, and more loss for health care industry. Medical errors are considered to be eighth leading cause of deaths in regular army (McGowan & Healey, 2009). Of all major departments in health care, one of crucial departments is pediatrics (K ozer, Berkovitch, & Koren, 2006). Pediatric department is one of the key departments in health care welkin and comprise of around 10 % of health care industry (McGowan & Healey, 2009). There were many deaths reported in pediatric departments. The medical errors will have more impact on children than in adults due to several(a) reasons. One reason is that most of medicines for children are off label and they dont have ensample doses (Kozer, Berkovitch, & Koren, 2006). Another reason for medical errors is that many doses of medications ingests to be adjusted according to childs weight and body mass. Some medications which are supplied need to be diluted and improper dilatation doses will result in deaths (Kozer, Berkovitch, & Koren). All these medical errors results in abnormal deaths in children. There are various types of medication errors. They are dosing errors which are caused due to improper dosing of medication and tenfold error which are caused due to prescriptions which a re ten fold higher or lower in dose than recommended dose (Kozer, Berkovitch, & Koren, 2006). The other types of errors are diagnostic errors which are caused due to delay in diagnostics and error in supervise test results, treatment errors which are caused due to delay in responding to an illness due to lack of test results and due to other issues like improper arrangement failures and lack of backup plans (McGowan & Healey, 2009).Mostly medical errors are due to increase in work loads, abbreviations misunderstandings, and misinterpretations due to handwriting (Kozer, Berkovitch, & Koren, 2006).

Assessment of Product: The Refrigerator Essay -- Consumer Issues

Customer Expectation for a crossing changes from one customer to another and so does the definition of quality. In case of a refrigerator there isnt a product that could satisfy every customers need therefore manufactures have to orchestrate their products in different segments. Even if the product caters for a certain customers need, it wouldnt stop a rival company from bringing new features that customers never imagined and at present customers have changed their quality definition. When assessing the quality of a product it is important to understand the thought process of a customer as sales are generated by means of them. A customer generally has a preconceived idea about the product or service, after consuming they would have perception on how the product or service performed if the product or service does perform to expectation or even beyond, it would be perceived as a quality product. evaluation of the LG Refrigerator (GL-M252VM) using the Garvins eight product dim ensions framework.Dimensions of LG Refrigerator - GL-M252VMIt is important to understand that quality varies when product evolves through time. Consider this, when refrigerators were introduced newly it contests on the train of performance and when all competitors are close enough to a certain level customers expect all products to perform (maintain a necessary temperature to keep bacteria away).then competition goes to the reliability stage where they compete on reliability, Durability, Conformance and Perceived Quality once these aspects are meet or even close to tag the completion moves on to convenience stage Features, Serviceability and Aesthetics will be their success factors and product is considered to be a commodity that is contested on price.G... ... Vogue type handle. Works Cited1)Miner (2010) Re 8 Dimensions of Product Quality according to Garvin. online. Last accessed 3 April 2012 at http//elsmar.com/Forums/showthread.php?t=452922)Press Releases (2011) LGs Linear Co mpressor Refrigerators Technology that Preserves. online. Last accessed 3 April 2012 at http//www.lg.com/za/press-release/article/lgs-linear-compressor-refrigerators-technology-that-preserves.jsp3)Module 11 Quality Management (2010). online. From YouTube last accessed 4 April 2012 at http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJNVrY_Z2NM&feature=related4)Product Support for GL-M252VM.AMDQABN. online. Last accessed 3 April 2012 at http//goo.gl/ziWk15)James R. Hood (1998) Consumer Complaints & Reviews online. Last accessed 3 April 2012 at http//www.consumeraffairs.com/homeowners/lg_refrigerator.html

The Witching Hour :: essays research papers

The Witching HourTitle The Witching Hour Author Anne strain Copyright Date 1990 Numberof Page Read 1043Three main elements classify the genre Gothic, Mystery, and Romance. Iclassify Gothic novels as stories pertaining to a gentle atmosphere, such asEdgar Allan Poes literature. .Lovers who unlock thirteen generations of Mayfair family secrets and incestdiscovering that their intervention becomes a more complex-intertwining destiny.Our Antagonist Michael Curry, a 48-year old Irish man who had lost himself ina world in which he had accomplished his dreams, experienced his emotional pain,and yet he felt empty. Michael approached the rocks of the bay, thought of hislife and emptiness, then he slipped and fell to his blackened doom in the sea.Found by a woman known as Rowan Mayfair , he discovered that he was dead forover an minute as he rested in the hospital. Michael also discovered that he hadreceived the gift of seeing images by using his hands to touch objects, andthat he chose t o come back. He was burdened by the images and the vision afterhis death, that he had a purpose, that he was sent for a reason. Some thing thathad to do with a doorway, and the number thirteen. aft(prenominal) isolation from the press of the burden of his powers, he found himselfwanting to go back on the deck of the boat where he was rescued. He wanted to blather to the woman who rescued him, for he thought that she would let him touchthe boat to recover images that night. He discovered that this neurosurgeon, Dr.Rowan Mayfair, was the veritable love of his life. After he discovered how muchhe deeply loved Rowan, he began to reminisce the images of his purpose thatcertain elements and images of his childhood hinted him to return to the househe had been fascinated with in New Orleans as a child. Another major characterof the story, Englishmen Aaron Lightner, was a part of an archaic organizationknown as the "Talamasca". Aaron studied a family called the Mayfairs in NewOrleans , because his organization had believed the Mayfairs to be witches. Hedevoted his life to the history of the Mayfair witches, and his organization hadcompiled a history of the Mayfairs since the days of the 17th century chase in Europe. As he watched Michael and Rowan from the corners ofdarkness, he intervened their lives to enlighten their knowledge of Rowansfamily historyand its dangerous potential. Rowan did not know a single thingof her family history, as she was left in the dark her whole life by her aunt

Sense And Sensibility Book Review Essay -- essays research papers

Book Report - Sense and Sensibility 1.) In Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, the title is a metaphor for the two briny characters Elinor and Marianne. Elinor represents sense and Marianne represents sensibility.We find out early that Elinor does not sh are her feelings. When Edward comes into the story, at that place was an immediate attraction. She tells no angiotensin-converting enzyme of her feelings. It was just assumed that they are meant for each other. When Edward has to leave, Elinor says nothing. Edward does phone he will come down and give Margaret an atlas. When the atlas comes and not Edward, the one who ends up crying was Margaret and not Elinor. We do learn, however, that Elinor can get turned on(p) too. When Marianne was playing the piano at their new cottage, Elinor cries as she listens. She said the song was her late fathers favorite. Later on in the story, Marianne kept on nagging Elinor for not sharing her feelings. Finally, Elinor shows her emotions by tell ing her that she did have a broken heart after she found out that Edward had a fiancee - Lucy. Elinor would definitely represent sense. She keeps her thoughts to herself. possibly it is because she figures she will not end up hurting so bad as Marianne did. Marianne, on the other hand, represents sensibility. She follows her heart. She does not let anything come in the focus of showing her emotions. When she first met Colonel Brandon, it is obvious that he was in love with her at first sight. Marianne, shows very clear that she was not interested in such an honest-to-god man like him. However, when Marianne meets Willoghby, it was like a hero rescuing his princess. They fall in love with each other. Marianne does not hide her emotions about Willoughby to anyone, However, in the society that they were in, Willoughby did not think he could espouse Marianne because of the social class. In the end, this almost kills Marianne. As Marianne realizes that the Colonel has always been th ere, she falls in love with him. 2.) My favorite character is Colonel Brandon. I think in a way he is very ofttimes like Elinor. He does not show his emotions a whole lot, but he does have words to people about his problems. There were so many instances when he asks Elinor about the relationship between Marianne and Willoughby. He was always depressed to hear and to know that there was no way of getting his lover from Willoughby. However, that does not stop his ... ...old. I also learned that when things do not turn out the way we expected, or when things all the sudden turn down-side, we should react with calmness and composure and not just cry and burst out with our immediate feelings. Patience is the keyword. With patience it is much easier to deal with painful situations. Most of the time, it turns out pretty well if you can think optimistically. J6.) Yes, I am beaming I read this book because it is one of the well-known classics. I see no harm only benefits in reading a boo k. Sense and Sensibility has given me a better intellect of the women and lifestyle during that time-period. Most of the women back then are pretty much like Elinor and Marianne. Education for them wasnt viewed as highly as now. It seems their parents just want to marry them off to some rich and upper class man so that they may lead a luxurious life without bothering their parents anymore. Also, women back then are a lot more artistic than women now. Most of them play the piano "really" well if not, they have some sort of other artistic talents. Personally, Im glad I am born late in this century. I do not know how I could survive if I lived back then

A kinetic study of the reaction between aqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

A energising study of the reaction mingled with aqueous atomic number 11 thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidAim To carry out a nab kinetic study of the reaction betweenaqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidEquation Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)PART ATo deduce the order of the reaction with respect to the tautnesssof sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid the experiment entrust becarried out at constant temperature and the time interval between theaddition of HCl and the obscuring of the ink address on egg white paper bythe solid discolour entropy precipitate will be measured for a constantvolume of solution that uses 3 vary concentrations of Na2S2O3(aq)while maintaining the concentration of HCl(aq) and 3 varyconcentrations of HCl(aq) while maintaining the concentration of Na2S2O3(aq).The gait of the reaction can be determined by the calculating the gist of sulphur produced in the time recorded. This is given by theequationRate = A mount of sulphurTimeThe amount of sulphur needed to obscure the cross is sour to be thesame in all(prenominal) reaction so therefore,Rate = 1TimeThen, the data will be placed in a table to determine the effect ofconcentration on the rate of reaction and hence the order of bothreactants can be formed. Adding up both orders of the reactants givesthe boilersuit order of the reaction.PART BTo remember out the effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction thetime interval between the addition of HCl and the obscuring of the inkcross on white paper by the solid yellow sulphur precipitate at fivedifferent temperatures must(prenominal) be recorded. A graph showing time takenvs. temperature will produce a curve showing the effect of varyingtemperature on the rate of reaction.The Arrhenius equation ln k = ln A (Ea / RT) can be showngraphically by plotting a graph of ln (t) against ln (1/T). Thegradient of this graph = - (Ea / RT) which can be used to calculateactivation energy. The y-intercept of the line = ln A where A is theArrhenius constant for the reaction.HypothesisThe rate of a chemical reaction can be obtained by finding out thechange in amount (or concentration) of a particular reactant or harvest over the time taken for this change.Many factors affect the rate of a reaction, one of which isconcentration. For any reaction to happen, the reactant particles mustfirst collide. This is true whether both particles atomic number 18 in solution, orwhether one is in solution and the other is a solid. If theconcentration is higher, there are much particles in the same volumeA kinetic study of the reaction between aqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid GCSE Chemistry Coursework InvestigationA kinetic study of the reaction between aqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidAim To carry out a complete kinetic study of the reaction betweenaqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidEquation Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + SO2(g ) + H2O(l)PART ATo deduce the order of the reaction with respect to the concentrationsof sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid the experiment will becarried out at constant temperature and the time interval between theaddition of HCl and the obscuring of the ink cross on white paper bythe solid yellow sulphur precipitate will be measured for a constantvolume of solution that uses 3 varying concentrations of Na2S2O3(aq)while maintaining the concentration of HCl(aq) and 3 varyingconcentrations of HCl(aq) while maintaining the concentration of Na2S2O3(aq).The rate of the reaction can be determined by the calculating theamount of sulphur produced in the time recorded. This is given by theequationRate = Amount of sulphurTimeThe amount of sulphur needed to obscure the cross is assumed to be thesame in each reaction so therefore,Rate = 1TimeThen, the data will be placed in a table to determine the effect ofconcentration on the rate of reaction and hence the order of bothreactants can b e formed. Adding up both orders of the reactants givesthe overall order of the reaction.PART BTo find out the effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction thetime interval between the addition of HCl and the obscuring of the inkcross on white paper by the solid yellow sulphur precipitate at fivedifferent temperatures must be recorded. A graph showing time takenvs. temperature will produce a curve showing the effect of varyingtemperature on the rate of reaction.The Arrhenius equation ln k = ln A (Ea / RT) can be showngraphically by plotting a graph of ln (t) against ln (1/T). Thegradient of this graph = - (Ea / RT) which can be used to calculateactivation energy. The y-intercept of the line = ln A where A is theArrhenius constant for the reaction.HypothesisThe rate of a chemical reaction can be obtained by finding out thechange in amount (or concentration) of a particular reactant orproduct over the time taken for this change.Many factors affect the rate of a reaction, one of w hich isconcentration. For any reaction to happen, the reactant particles mustfirst collide. This is true whether both particles are in solution, orwhether one is in solution and the other is a solid. If theconcentration is higher, there are more particles in the same volume

A kinetic study of the reaction between aqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

A kinetic study of the answer between sedimentary atomic number 11 thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidAim To carry protrude a complete kinetic study of the reaction betweenaqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidEquation Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l) affair ATo deduce the stage of the reaction with respect to the concentrationsof sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid the experiment will becarried out at constant temperature and the time musical interval between the sum total of HCl and the obscuring of the ink bad-tempered on white paper bythe solid yellow sulphur precipitate will be mensurable for a constantvolume of beginning that uses 3 varying concentrations of Na2S2O3(aq)while maintaining the concentration of HCl(aq) and 3 varyingconcentrations of HCl(aq) while maintaining the concentration of Na2S2O3(aq).The rate of the reaction bed be determined by the compute theamount of sulphur produced in the time recorded. This is given by the equationRate = Amount of sulphur clockThe amount of sulphur needed to mingled the cross is assumed to be thesame in each reaction so in that locationfore,Rate = 1 clippingThen, the data will be laid in a table to determine the piece ofconcentration on the rate of reaction and hence the order of bothreactants brush off be formed. Adding up both orders of the reactants givesthe overall order of the reaction.PART BTo find out the effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction thetime interval between the addition of HCl and the obscuring of the inkcross on white paper by the solid yellow sulphur precipitate at fivedifferent temperatures must be recorded. A graph showing time takenvs. temperature will produce a curve showing the effect of varyingtemperature on the rate of reaction.The Arrhenius equation ln k = ln A (Ea / RT) can be showngraphically by plotting a graph of ln (t) against ln (1/T). Thegradient of this graph = - (Ea / RT) which can be used to calculateenergizin g energy. The y-intercept of the line = ln A where A is theArrhenius constant for the reaction.HypothesisThe rate of a chemical reaction can be obtained by finding out the deepen in amount (or concentration) of a particular reactant orproduct over the time taken for this change.M both factors mask the rate of a reaction, one of which isconcentration. For any reaction to happen, the reactant particles mustfirst collide. This is true whether both particles are in settlement, orwhether one is in solution and the other is a solid. If theconcentration is higher, there are more particles in the same volumeA kinetic study of the reaction between aqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid GCSE Chemistry Coursework InvestigationA kinetic study of the reaction between aqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidAim To carry out a complete kinetic study of the reaction betweenaqueous sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidEquation Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + SO 2(g) + H2O(l)PART ATo deduce the order of the reaction with respect to the concentrationsof sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid the experiment will becarried out at constant temperature and the time interval between theaddition of HCl and the obscuring of the ink cross on white paper bythe solid yellow sulphur precipitate will be measured for a constantvolume of solution that uses 3 varying concentrations of Na2S2O3(aq)while maintaining the concentration of HCl(aq) and 3 varyingconcentrations of HCl(aq) while maintaining the concentration of Na2S2O3(aq).The rate of the reaction can be determined by the calculating theamount of sulphur produced in the time recorded. This is given by theequationRate = Amount of sulphurTimeThe amount of sulphur needed to obscure the cross is assumed to be thesame in each reaction so therefore,Rate = 1TimeThen, the data will be placed in a table to determine the effect ofconcentration on the rate of reaction and hence the order of bothreactants ca n be formed. Adding up both orders of the reactants givesthe overall order of the reaction.PART BTo find out the effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction thetime interval between the addition of HCl and the obscuring of the inkcross on white paper by the solid yellow sulphur precipitate at fivedifferent temperatures must be recorded. A graph showing time takenvs. temperature will produce a curve showing the effect of varyingtemperature on the rate of reaction.The Arrhenius equation ln k = ln A (Ea / RT) can be showngraphically by plotting a graph of ln (t) against ln (1/T). Thegradient of this graph = - (Ea / RT) which can be used to calculateactivation energy. The y-intercept of the line = ln A where A is theArrhenius constant for the reaction.HypothesisThe rate of a chemical reaction can be obtained by finding out thechange in amount (or concentration) of a particular reactant orproduct over the time taken for this change.Many factors affect the rate of a reaction, one o f which isconcentration. For any reaction to happen, the reactant particles mustfirst collide. This is true whether both particles are in solution, orwhether one is in solution and the other is a solid. If theconcentration is higher, there are more particles in the same volume

The Outsider’s

How would you like it if people considered you to be poor or rich? The startsiders is a novel of conflicts and is about two teen gangs that constitute on different sides and the country. Greasers against socks in other words the poor against the rich. The book by S. E. Hilton and is about how the rich kids call the poor kids socks and get beat up. jog male child is a 14-year-old teen boy that is a sock and gets beat up quite a lot. crib boy is really sensitive, intelligent and observant. Pony boy reminds me of a house cat hat forever know whats going on.Body Paragraph 1 Throughout the novel jog boy is really observant because many different reasons that I will explain. He might not have that much commonplace sense but he always knows whats around him and whats going on whatever the situation is. In the book his brothers say he might lack a bit of common sense but he always knows whats hazard. This is really true its like he keeps an extra eye somewhere and is one of a kind. to a fault he is observant because in the book he says this mfou take up for your uddies, no matter what they do.When youre a gang, you squeeze up for the members. If you dont stick up for them, stick unneurotic, make like brothers, it isnt a gang anymore. Its a pack. A snarling, distrustful, bickering pack like the Socks in their social clubs or the driveway gangs in newfangled York or the wolves in the timber. (34) he is helping has brothers and the greasers and is observing and telling them before hand what they are. Body Paragraph 2 In the other hand pony boy is a really sensitive kid in this novel.When something oesnt go right has emotions well let loose and you will easily find out what kind mood he is really in. In the book it says dont cry pony dont cry well be okay (75). Pony boy is in chouse with soda and soda says remind about last night and pony starts tearing up and tells him to shut up. Another reason why I hypothesize hes sensitive is because in the book it says l wanted to cry, but Greasers dont cry in front of strangers. Some of us never cry at all. same(p) Dally and two-bit and Tim Shepardthey forgot how at an early age. 102) Pony was in the hospital and has throat was hurting and he was thinking of has brothers and was about to cry but kept it together because strangers where there. Body Paragraph 3 Finally pony is a really intelligent person you might think hes not but he true is. In school he gets really serious grades and is the best student from all the characters he excuses Darry tor getting bad grades and not doing g He is always having a nose in a book. (13) Thats what Darry and has brothers say about pony boy in the novel would always read and loves doing it.Also he is a good writer to he gets put in the A class. Also his brothers say that he is really good in school and stuff but his street smarts arent so good and dont really have any. Conclusion In conclusion pony boy is Just like house cat that always knows whats happeni ng and might do something bad here and there. Overall pony boy is a good house cat that knows what to do most of the time. Finally remember it doesnt matter what people consider you poor or rich you are what you are and let people think what they think.

Falling in love Essay

English romantic poet John Keats was born on October 31st 1795 in London. He addled both parents at an primal age and became an apprentice at fifteen with his guardian at his surgery. He became professional in the field further chose to write poesy.He wrote his best poetry between 1818 and 1819 after falling in love. He died of tuberculosis, the romantic disease, in the autumn of 1856.La Belle Dame Sans Merci is a in truth beautiful, magical and captivating numbers.It is very mysterious and leaves the reader feeling a little bemused. I had to read this ballad several times before understanding fully what it was about merely I think this is only because of the more complex language used. The rhythm is slightly abrupt in places and I think the whole romanticism of this poem would put some readers off. This is a exceptionally beautiful story, very much a fairy report and is surprisingly simple once the language is mastered. utilize many comparisons to nature, the poet strongly emp hasizes the wildness of the setting to help back up how wild and naturally beautiful this enchanting woman is.Beginning with a suspicion and a good one too, this captures attention to the poem easily. Why is the Knight loitering around such a desolate and probably wintered place? And the question is accordingly repeated as if the Knight is in a trance. With a pale face, wrinkles on his brow and a sweat of fever dew he begins to explain in the fourth measure, his story of how he came to be hereHe met a wild, very beautiful, mystifying woman who, with her faery-like charm wooed him under her spell. She cried and he comfort her. Why was she crying? She then allured him into a dream where he saw many people all pale crying out with large sharp-set mouths in the twilight La Belle Dame Sans Merci hath thee in thrall The knight woke sitting on the cold hills side never sleeping, lost in his love for that appealing, beautiful woman who captured him.There are three stages of tone in this poem the first, curious and cold, while the second is full of life, hit and love. In the third section the knight telling the story is quickly brought back to the coldness and death of the hillside where he is cursed to roam.The mystery of this tale helps to entrance the audience and the typical saga of love not being appreciated is something people can strongly relate to making this poem a successIn La Belle Dame even the romantic French title illustrates beauty whereas deteriorate gram is the obvious title for a poem about a very dull person like fall behind Gee.La Belle Dame is a very abstract poem using nature and fairy tale to describe love and heartache. Miss Gee uses unpretentious language and very concrete facts. There is little imagination towards it but this is perfect for conveying such a faint character as Edith Gee.The story of La Belle Dame is about a beautiful woman who captures warriors and princesses with her undying beauty. Unfortunately Miss Gee is the compl ete opposite- certainly not beautiful and not charming anyone, not even a friend. She would appreciate someone who would be interested in her but the beautiful woman only uses the people who fall for her. The fact that the students who cut up and laugh at Miss Gee are men compares easily to the next poem where the woman has power over the men.The beautiful woman feels no guilt almost making her evil, soul less but Miss Gee even feels guilt for her dreams. This really shows that beauty is only skin deep and Miss Gee never got the chance or had the confidence to adjudicate this Yet through La Belle anyone that got to know her and were captured by her beauty then realized that she was not all she appeared to be- La Belle Dame Sans Merci hath thee in thrall twain poems take in the issue of loneliness- the brave Knight who can only blame his gullible self and the forlorn Miss Edith who wants so badly to withdraw companionship. Both ballads dont have happy endings- Miss Gees unfortunat e death with her body being used for gawking students and the Knight who was unexpended palely loitering.Overall I preferred La Belle Dame Sans Merci because it is an enchanting story leaving you wondering what happened to the Knight because most fairy tales have a happy ending. The person at the start who asked the question might have helped him escape and the Knight said that is why I sojourn here. visit means to stay temporarily, which means that maybe the Knight was expecting to break the curse. Being a stereotypical fairytale Knight this escape would be probable.Miss Gee was sad and deplorable yet it was somewhat realistic- not all lives have a happy ending.

The Berlin Blockade

For many historians, the Berlin Blockade effectively started the Cold War era. This is because it happened to be the first major issue which took place between the United States and her allies, on one hand, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), on the other hand, after which years of tension between the two camps ensued (Byrnes). Essentially, The Berlin Blockade took place when the USSR cut dark all access to Berlin in an attempt to force the United States, Britain, and France to the negotiating table for the purpose of discussing the future as well as the division of Germany (Wilde).Historical Background When the indorse World War ended in 1945, the victorious allied forces which consisted of the United States, Great Britain, France, and the USSR occupied Germany and divided the pastoral into four zones and its capital (Berlin) into four sectors. Berlin, however, was regain well inside the zone which was occupied by the Soviets. In other words, before the common c hord other occupiers could gain access to their Berlin sectors, they had to pass through the Soviet-occupied zone.Under their arrangement, although the country was already divided into four zones, it would still be considered as one economic entity to be restrictled by the Allied Control Council (ACC) (Russian recital Encyclopedia). Based in Berlin, the ACC was also known as the Allied Control Authority or the Alliierter Kontrollrat in German. It was essentially a military occupation g everywherening body of Germany composed of the representatives of the United States, Great Britain, and the USSR. A later addition was France whose representative was granted with the power to vote but did not have any duties.The ACC was formally constitute on August 30, 1945. Its initial members were General Dwight Eisenhower of the United States, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery of Great Britain, Marshal Georgy Zhukov of the USSR, and General Jean Joseph-Marie Gabriel Lattre de Tassigny of Franc e (Spiritus-Temporis. com). Unfortunately, the relations between the USSR and the three other occupiers of Germany did not last that long because their self-appointed task of administering the occupied Germany under the provisions of the ACC agreement did not go as envisioned.For one, the Soviets insisted on pile up huge reparations from its controlled eastern zone while the United States, Great Britain, and France, instead of demanding for reparations, treasured to revitalize the economy of their occupied zones in order to improve the liveness conditions of the residents (BBC Bitesize). Their disagreement was sparked by the January 1, 1947 decision of the British and the Americans to merge their zones and form the Bizone. Then the two countries spent the rest of 1947 and the early part of 1948 in the preparation of a currency reform that would ultimately introduce the Deutschmark.This currency reform was only the first step towards the establishment of a separate West German sta te. This fit was opposed by the Russians because, according to them, it showed that the Americans and the British were no longer interested in taking part in the four-power control of Germany. The Russians further argued that the American and the British move would ultimately result to the death of the ACC (Spiritus-Temporis. com). By January 1948, the Soviets were already starting to severely criticize the intents and methods which the Americans and the British were employing in dealing with the economic problems of West Germany.Their disagreements remained indeterminate until finally, in March of the same year, the Soviet delegation to the ACC staged a walkout. That Soviet act effectively dissolved the council because no further meetings had been conducted after their walkout (Russian History Encyclopedia). In spite of their disagreements, all four victorious countries were wary of the rebirth of a unified Germany. They all agreed that allowing Germany to regain its economic an d military intensiveness would be a very risky proposition because the country might again represent a threat to world peace.However, they differed in their methods and intentions regarding the future of the country. First, the USSR wanted to convert the eastern territory into a communist state. Then it feared that if the zones controlled by the United States, Great Britain, and France would be totally integrated into the capitalist West, its control over its own Russian zone would be threatened, considering that the three Berlin sectors controlled by the three occupiers were located deep inside the Soviet-occupied zone.Stalin, in particular, who was known to have been consumed by paranoia, venture that the western occupied sector in Berlin would first attempt to alienate the eastern sector from Russian influence and later serve as a staging point of a destabilization campaign against the Soviet Union itself, including the entire Eastern European communist bloc. For this reason al one, Stalin could not allow the egression of a unified and rejuvenated West Germany inside the Russian zone. The other three occupiers, on the other hand, were bent on working together towards their common intention of rejuvenating their occupied territories.Their intention was to unify their three zones into a capitalist West Germany and integrate the same into their economic and defense organizations. Their purpose was to exercise complete control over West Germany while providing all the necessary assistance it needed in order to become a self supporting state (Wilde). In all indications, the disagreement over the Berlin question was already the start of the Cold War era. Both the western bloc and the Soviet Union were already considering their positions in the new world political order.So that when the Soviet delegation walked out of the ACC meeting, the United States and Great Britain became really convinced of the urgency of the establishment of a West German state. It could not be denied that they, themselves, did not want to give the Soviet Union the opportunity to consolidate its hold over all of Europe. For this purpose, a Six top executive Conference was convened. Delegates from the United States, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium sat down and discussed the issue.

Comparing Political Philosophy Theories Essay

Respond to the prompt for each of the five honorable theories listed. One section on each chart has been filled in as an example.What is good? (12 sentences)Aristotle law Ethics Mill Utilitarianism Kant Deontology Consequentialism Nodding Care Ethics what would you say is our principal or highest objective by disposition? According to Aristotle, it is the attainment of happiness, for it is that al matchless that we seek for its own sake. Based on Aristotle assertion a woman bearing a child is good.For J.S. Mill, decreasing hassle and increasing pleasure is good. However, non all pleasure is the same. Mill argues that intellectual pleasures are superior to bodily pleasures (Mill, Utilitarianism, and Chapter 2).Act just now on that maxim whereby you substructure at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Basically made poor purposes or ethical decision base on rational thinking.The theory that the value and especially the moral value of an action should b e judged by the value of its consequences.The ethics of care is a normative ethical theory that is, a theory about what makes actions safe or wrong.What path or rule do you follow to achieve the good? (12 sentences)Aristotle Virtue EthicsMill UtilitarianismKant DeontologyConsequentialismNodding Care EthicsFor Aristotle, virtue is the way to achieve the good. Moral virtue is a state of character and can only be acquired by habit. In another(prenominal) words, we need to practice being morally virtuous in order to be virtuous. Aristotle describes moral virtue as a mean. We act morally, if we do the right thing, at the right time, with reference to the right objects, towards the right good deal, with the right motive and in the right way (Nicomachean Ethics, Book II, 1 and 6 see excessively Moore and Bruder, 2011, p. 265).Utilitarianism advocates maximizing utilities and moral evaluations of public policies. It helps explain why some people actions are generally wrong and other s are generally right and he influenced ethical decisions.The deontology refers to moral obligation.As we made the decisions that life moldiness understand the one right is important even though e preciseone is tomorrow wrong always do right regardless.I think by taking in consideration the moral value and the actions the standard display when making decisions. Understanding the consequences to see the decision if not follow out a law of land.It is important to love thy neighbor. It sounds a little clich its however basically we should live our life each twenty-four hour period by exercise the care ethics system.Assumptions or requirements (24 sentences)Aristotle Virtue EthicsMill UtilitarianismKant DeontologyConsequentialismNoddings Care EthicsAristotle) is basing his theory of nationalistic ethical. This belief was pretty good for us as defined by our natural objective.His requirement was basically reducing pain that will actually increase pleasure. In essence making sound de cisions based on bodily pleasures.And Kants theory the deontology base is the study of moral obligation. As we are responsible for our actions and doing what right at all times.The first assurance is that after all is said and done, only the results of our actions remain, therefore, the results are what a moral theory should focus on. The second assumption is that we love others as much as we love ourselves. This assumption means that we will act to promote the overall good, so long as that action does not hurt others more (Haines, 2006).First we must display some level of sensitivity to be able to exemplify desires spirit. We are responsible up in our brains keep a careful one of the actions is careful and must consider the feeling that so that we dont interfere with you making ethical decision.Provide an example of how this ethical theory expertness work (5 or more sentences)Aristotle Virtue EthicsMill UtilitarianismKant DeontologyConsequentialismNoddings Care EthicsVirtue e thics is a theory used to make moral decisions. It does not rely on religion, ordering or culture it only depends on the individuals themselves. The main philosopher of Virtue Ethics is Aristotle. His theory was originally introduced in ancient Greek times. Aristotle was a great truster in virtues and the meaning of virtue to him meant being able to fulfill ones functionsThe utilitarianism works in determining consideration of right conduct should be useful of his consequences. This spectacle theory is basically based off the fat that is largely possible ability of balance pleasure over pain. This action should take a lot of consideration which the way we made the decision about disciplinary action on people or even animals. It was said that the actions of sacrifice and people or animals is wrong. So drawn my booster station coworker on the bus and a heated argument with display that ethics.The deontology is the basis of more action duties. The principle of seemliness is what ma kes people act for duty, and acting for duty given them action of more value. However the action does not take into consideration the consequences thereof.From the consequentialism also known as the idea of the therapist is less and this chapter we discuss the beauty and comradeship as well as pleasure that one should aim towards maximizing on. Lovely decision in my life and ethical way to maintain friendship even though that means sometimes being completely honest with a friend. It is very important that we made the decisions that will be conducive to our morals and ethical background. As a result thats the beauty of the virtual ethic.My best friend comes to me asking for advice. She is having problems in her marriage and just found out she is pregnant. Due to the economic downturn, she may lose her job in the coming months. Her relationship with her maintain is strained and is having a serious emotional toll on her. She is considering an abortion. I am the carer and she is the c ared-for. I do not consider her unborn child because my friend is the one in immediate pain or peril. I recommend counseling. I also try and gently ask questions to see what options she has and what she has thought about. I do not tell her what I think she should do in this case or what I think is right or wrong. I only ask how I can help her.

Economics Assignment

ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT For a commercialize of your choice, keep track of the spot or onlyot harm fluctuations during a period of at least two years. Prepare a report of approximately 3000 words, for distributively merchandise, discussing in detail the multiple forces (interesting developments) responsible for the tr curiositys. Tuesday 24 May 2011 Table of Contents administrator Summary administrator Summary In analysing the consumer market place, we check chosen the section damages of two JSE listed companies, namely SABmilling machine and Rainbow Chicken which belong to the beverages and food producers sub-sectors respectively. Our two-year analysis is for the period March 2009 to May 2011. We will explore how Rainbow Chicken fared recounting to its nearest competitor Astral Foods.SABMiller allowed us to expand our thinking and methodological analysis as the partnership also has a dual-listing on the London Stock Exchange. Its three closest competitors Heineken, Anheu ser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg Breweries have foreign listings. It stands to reason, thereof, that we begin our assignment with an overview of the global linguistic context in which both companies operated in the period under review. The aftermath of the recession and changes in global economic indicators like the ZARUSD exchange rate and the price of brent goose crude oil colour will be examined.What we found particularly interesting was the resilience of both connections overlap prices in the challenging global economic climate. We mention the factors that insulated each share from the global downturn. We then turn our attention to to the south Africas economic environment and examine the extent to which the precedent global factors impactioned on southeastern Africas macroeconomic policy landscape. The two variables that we pay particular attention to are the local repo and CPI rank.We source the extent to which changes to these local variables impacted on the share pr ices of SABMiller and Rainbow Chicken. As mentioned in the first paragraphical record, our analyses consider the industries in which both companies operate by comparing their share prices with those of their nearest competitors. Our companionship analyses focus on internal considerations and the strategic objectives detailight-emitting diode in SABMillers and Rainbows annual reports for the 2009 and 2010 financial year ends.In our analyses of each play alongs share price, we remain mindful of the fact that, although non directly responsible for the shares daily consummation, the objectives and calibre of management besides impact on the share price. We conclude each analysis with a justifiable prediction of the expected trajectory of each caller-outs share price. The concentric eclipses in the diagram below depict the logical progression of our assignments structure, beginning with the outer-most eclipse.The diagram also shows the inter-relatedness of each eclipse relative to the other and how it is impossible to isolate the effects of one from the other. This reinforces the aphorism that in Economics everything is related to everything else and usually in more ways than one. The Global surround pic inception www. eia. doe. gov The price of Brent crude oil has been settle down at an average level of $70 to $80 a barrel until November 2010. Since December 2010, the oil price has been rising, reaching a peak of $120 / barrel in April 2011.This has been partly due to uprisings in the Arab world, which holds the majority of global oil reserves. The oil price affects domestic inflation as elicit and energy are a major fortune of South Africas CPI basket. The price of petrol, which is based on oil prices, also raises logistical costs. SABMiller and Rainbow paid more to transport their products in the December 2010 to May 2011 period as a result of the spike in oil prices. It stands to reason that these high transportation costs would be passed on to cons umers as higher product prices by both companies. pic Source www. xe. com The graph preceding(prenominal) shows that the Rand has been vividnessening relative to the US Dollar from 1USD10ZAR to 1USD6,3ZAR between March 2009 and May 2011. The strong rand has had a favourable impact on our terms of trade as can be seen from the self-explanatory graph below which depicts the Balance of Payments. The company analyses below reveal that SABMiller exports and imports a number of its brands across the world. Rainbow Chicken imports the soy component of its chicken feed wholly from Argentina.The rands strength impacts on both companies performances (and hence) their share prices favourably. pic pic Source www. resbank. co. za The South African Environment Domestic interest rates pic Source www. resbank. co. za The graph higher up shows that the Reserve Banks stance to monetary policy has been expansionary. This is shown by the gradual decline in the repo rate from 9,5% in March 2009 to it s current level of 5,5% in May 2011. The Reserve Banks mandate is to keep the inflation rate within its rump resound of 3% to 6% and it uses the repo rate as the instrument with which to impact inflation.The Reserve Banks cut backing of the repo rate is due to the CPI breaching its upper target limit of 6%. This is shown in the graph below. at that place is a positive relationship between the repo rate and CPI. It stands to reason, therefore, that the gradual lowering of the repo rate would be accompanied by a decline in the CPI rate. This is indeed the case. However, because of lags, the effect of a cutpurse in the repo rate on the inflation rate is not reflected immediately and the CPI remains significantly above the upper limit.A fall in the repo rate eases pressure on consumers by raising their giving medication incomes since they, theoretically, spend less on their credit commitments. All things being equal, this would raise the sales volumes of SABMillers and Rainbows p roducts. Domestic Inflation pic Source www. statssa. gov. za The graph above depicts the trend in inflation. It is clear that although the inflation rate has been on a downward trajectory (following the lowering of the repo rate) it was in breach of the upper limit of 6% from March 2009 to Oct 2009.It was within the target band in November 2009 but breached the upper limit again between December 2009 and February 2010. The latter breach is attributable to the markets inflation expectations because of the steep increase in electricity tariffs during this period (www. eskom. co. za). As mentioned antecedently, the biggest components of South Africas CPI basket are food and fuel and the graphs below will be used to explain the impact of inflation on SABMillers and Rainbows performance specifically. CPI indicator relevant to SAB Miller pic Source www. statssa. gov. za This graph shows that inflation for alcoholic beverages has not only been consistently higher than the upper limit of th e inflation target band, it has also been significantly higher than the countrys inflation rate. This is due to the fact that a major component of the price of alcohol is a sin tax, which is imposed by the finance ministry, because of the relatively inelastic nature of the price elasticity of demand for alcohol as well as irresponsible and excessive consumption patterns.For roughly consumers, even a sharp increase in the price of alcoholic beverages does not result in a fall in the quantity demanded. There would, in all likelihood, be a shift away from the consumption of relatively more expensive alcoholic beverages towards relatively cheaper alcohol not a complete cessation in the consumption of alcohol. This is one of the reasons that SABMillers share price has shown steady gains relative to the market. CPI indicator relevant to Rainbow Chicken pic Source www. statssa. gov. za Consumer food price inflation decelerated sharply from December 2010.It is also interesting to note, th at between January 2009 and January 2010, the prices of wheat fell by 24,58%, maize by 22,57% and sunflower seeds by 18,49% (www. finweek. co. za) Decreases in the prices of these staple foods has a positive impact on the poor as they spend 33,4% of their incomes on food versus the rich who spend a uncorrupted 2,6% of their incomes on food. Poor people consume relatively more chicken than red meat because the latter is relatively more expensive. Chicken is the cheapest form of protein in South Africa and demand for it is high (www. astralfoods. com).Furthermore, the above staple foods are used as chicken feed which is a significant input cost for Rainbow Chicken, therefore the company has had cost savings because of bumper crops and the consequent price decreases in these commodities. The table on the following page clearly accounts for the nearly vertical decline in the graph above which shows food price inflation. pic Source www. resbank. co. za GDP South Africa pic pic Source w ww. statssa. gov. za The graphs above show that South Africa was in a recession in 2009, as defined, because of the two consecutive quarters of negative GDP increase.Our recovery from the global recession was due to the fact that we had a low exposure to the sub-prime market crisis that was responsible for the global meltdown. Our banking and macroeconomic policies remain robust. The ontogenesis in the economy from the third quarter of 2009 is also due to infrastructural investments that were made for the 2010 Soccer World form as well as South Africas contributions to the BRIC emerging markets bloc especially our trade with China. It is expected that our formal inclusion to the BRICS nations since April 2011 will maintain the upward(a) trend in GDP (www. lobalsherpa. org). Positive GDP growth has a positive impact on the performance of SABMillers and Rainbows shares. In a boom everyone does well. SABMiller, in particular, has a presence in all five BRICS nations and is poised f or growth as emerging market economies have overtaken developed economies in their contributions to global GDP. We now examine SABMillers share price in more detail and then turn our attention to Rainbow Chicken in lightsomeness of the foregoing discussions on the global and local environments. Analysis of SABMiller pic SABMiller is a global operation covering 75 countries on six continents and employing over 70 000 people. Its portfolio of businesses is divided into six regions and is well balanced between developed and emerging markets. Between them, the businesses produce over 200 different brands and sell 213 million hectoliters of lager a year. Since listing on the London Stock Exchange 10 years ago the company has grown substantially and has a market capitalisation of ZAR 419,837,700,000 on the JSE and GBP 36,099,310,000 on the LSE.The companys markets range from developed economies such as the USA to the fast growing BRICS economies (SABMiller Annual Report, 2009). SABMille r is also the number one bottler of easily drinks for The Coca Cola Company. The breweries market can be seen as oligopolistic in nature since SABMiller and its three main competitors (Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Carlsberg) are the dominant players in the market and have significant market share amongst them.The oligopolistic market structure has a positive impact on the companys operations and share price performance. In North America, SABMiller (through its strategic partners) is the second-largest brewer in the United States and owns nearly 30% of the US beer market. In Latin America, it is the number one brewer by market share. In the majority of the ten European countries in which it operates, the company is the number one or number two brewer by market share. The equivalent holds for Africa and Asia.In the 2009 annual report Mayer Kahn, the Chairman of the Board, stated that the global brewing industry was expected to continue to consolidate and that participation in industry integrating provides opportunities to enter growth markets and to create value from scale benefits. The graph below shows SABMillers share price relative to its three main competitors. It is clear that all quaternary companies trajectories have moved in tandem but Carlsbergs share price has significantly taken the lead with SABMiller in second place.At the turn of the century, the top 10 brewers accounted for just over one-third of global beer sales volumes. The past decade has seen a rapid consolidation, resulting in the top four brewers Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller, Heineken and Carlsberg accounting for almost 50% of beer sales volumes and up to 75% of the global profit pool. (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010) pic Source www. heineken. com Mr Kahn attributes the companys good results (in both 2009 and 2010) to the available strengths of the businesses and the power of their leading local brands.He concedes that even though SABMiller was not immune to the global crisi s, beer is a fairly resilient product which placed the company in a better position than many to weather the storm. He goes on to say Thanks, partly, to our long experience of emerging markets, we are used to run under difficult conditions. If we look back ten years to our London parenthood market listing, it is worth remembering that the Asian currency crisis at that season had shaken investor confidence in emerging markets and that the outlook was far from encouraging.Nevertheless, we prospered and grew and achieved the international expansion that our listing was intended to facilitate. Ten years on, our geographic spread is proving to be an advantage in that different countries are affected by the crisis at different rates and to differing degrees. So while demand in Europe has dropped sharply, countries in emerging markets such as Africa and Asia have fared relatively well despite dropping back from the high one might say unsustainable rates of growth of recent years. SAB Miller Annual Report, 2009In short, SABMillers diverse spread of businesses, strong market positions, and a portfolio of leading brands mitigated against the risks and negative consequences of the global downturn and contributed to the steady upward momentum in the share price. In response to the mismatch between the supply of, and demand for, certain brewing and packaging raw materials in Africa, the company is increasingly using locally grown crops such as sorghum and cassava to produce affordable brands. This is done to minimise supply shortages and the price volatility of key raw material inputs.Continued robust pricing and productivity enhancements offset increased commodity costs (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010). It comes as no surprise, therefore, that the combination of the above factors resulted in a steady upward trend in the companys share prices on both the London and Johannesburg bourses in the period under review as seen in the graphs below. picpic Source www. sabmiller . com In 2010, Mr Kahn had similar good news for investors, citing the same reasons as for 2009. However he mentions the companys management team as being a key contributor to the positive results This year, in addition, we have benefited from managements ability to shrivel up costs and selectively increase prices in order to maximise tax revenues Source SABMiller Annual Report, 2010 In the third paragraph of our Executive Summary, we mentioned that the management of any company is not responsible for the share price. However, in fulfilling its primary objective of maximising shareholder value, the credibility of and strategies employed by management invariably have an impact on the share price. It would appear that the management and directorship of SABMiller are market-friendly.The members of the executive team are representative of each of the continents in which the company operates with Mr Cyril Ramaphosa and Dr Dambisa Moyo as the notable representatives for Africa. opposit e market-friendly strategies include the December 2009 announcement that 8. 45% of the shares in SABMillers South African subsidiary, The South African Breweries Ltd (SAB), would be placed under Black possession as part of its commitment to Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa. This transaction created 40,000 new shareholders among SAB employees and qualifying retailers.The deal also created a good-hearted foundation that holds 18% of the shares that were issued under the transaction. The dividend income will be used for the benefit of the wider South African community (SABMiller Annual Report, 2010). The company also capitalised on the strength of emerging markets (particularly in China and Africa) by channeling its growth strategies to these markets. Globally, the beer market grew by 1. 5% in 2010, led by a continuing strong performance in Asia, Africa and Latin America. China grew by 6. 5%, Africa by 3. 1% and Latin America by almost 3%.Western Europe continue the trend of declining beer volumes, driven by a shift in consumption to other beverages and the decline of on-premise consumption. Source SABMiller Annual Report, 2010 In the 2010 financial year the company acquired four new breweries in China, invested in new breweries in Tanzania, Mozambique, Angola and Southern Sudan and carried out expansions and upgrades in Uganda and Zambia. The trends in the graphs depicting SABMillers share price on both the London and Johannesburg Securities Exchanges (given above) require no further explanation.With good management being both a contributory factor to and a consequence of the shares strong performance, it is reasonable to conclude that the positive momentum will continue. pic Analysis of Rainbow Chicken pic Rainbow Chicken Limited is the largest processor and marketer of chicken in South Africa. It is a fully integrated broiler producer that breeds and rears its own livestock which it feeds from its own feed mills. Rainbow processes, dist ributes and markets fresh, frozen, value-added and further-processed chicken. The company has a market capitalisation of ZAR 6 124 893 000 009 was a very challenging year for the South African poultry industry, both locally and globally. The local chicken industry was negatively impacted by the fall in demand due to the recession. An oversupply by local producers and increased imports due to the strong rand also added to the industrys woes. These difficult market conditions were a further test of Rainbows differentiated brand strategy, which through its foodservice and consumer brands, seeks more consistent, profitable and sustainable business (Rainbow Chicken Annual Report, 2009). Despite these challenges, Rainbow managed to deliver an delightful overall performance.Positive performance, like a rally in the share price, is a function of several variables and while we can make inferences about the correlativity between the two, we make no such inferences about their causality. Lik e SABMiller, Rainbows Black Economic Empowerment transaction (which was concluded in July 2008) was market-friendly and boosted the companys share price. Rainbow provided vendor financing for a 15% equity stake that was issued to a consortium that was constituted by its employees, Imbewu Consortium, Ikamva Labantu, and Mrs M Nhlanhla, a non-executive director. The BBBEE transaction resulted in the share price rallying from R12. 0 to R16. 80 in the latter period of the second quarter of the 2009 financial year as shown in the graph on the following page. 2010 was an equally challenging year for Rainbow but its effects were mitigated by South Africas steady recovery from the recession, a lower interest rate and inflationary environment. Maize prices declined since their peak in July 2008. The global financial crisis caused a dramatic decrease in the demand for maize, improving the previously dangerously low US and global maize stock situations to such an extent that international pric es fell sharply from their record levels. Rainbow Chicken, Annual Report, 2010). The fall in maize prices, which is a major component in chicken feed, resulted in a reduction in the companys input costs which boosted the stub line. Local producers added significant yield capacity for wheat, grain and soy over the past five years. Rainbow imports the soya component of its chicken feed from Argentina and it has a significant FOREX exposure. The strong rand, however, in the period under review, has been in the companys favour. The companys 2010 annual report reflected acceptable profit margins.In both 2009 and during 2010, the companys share price maintained its upward momentum as reflected in the graph below. pic Key Features Rainbow Chicken Share cost Year Low High 2009 11500 16800 2010 15900 16900 The graph and table above confirm the findings in the preceding paragraphs. Although the difference between the years highest share prices is negligible, South Africas economic recov ery may be gleaned from the fact that the lowest share price for 2010 was 4400c above the 2009 low. Consumers disposable incomes were higher in 2010 because of falling interest and inflation rates. Falling input costs and increased consumer demand increased the appetite for the companys shares as investors expectations of earning better returns were supported.Other events that led to sharp movements in the companys share price include the markets speculative expectations immediately prior to the announcement of the groups 2009 results. After the results were announced, the share price dropped to R13. 90 because of the 39. 6% decline in headline earnings. The reason for this decline in earnings can be attributed to the companys policy of buying feed products forward. The share price stabilised for the remainder of 2010 due to an increase in the multitude of families that joined the ranks of South Africas middle class.As the middle class grows in size, so the taste of chicken diversif ies allowing entrepreneurs to come up with new ways of marketing chicken to end consumers. We now turn our attention to Rainbows competitor, Astral Foods, to get a better idea of the South African poultry industry before making conclusions about how justifiable a continued rally in Rainbows share price is. Astral Foods is Rainbow Chickens nearest competitor. The company holds investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies.Its primary activities are animal feed pre-mixes, the manufacturing of animal feeds, broiler genetics, the production and sale of day-old broiler chicks and hatching eggs, integrated breeder and broiler production operations, abattoirs and the sale and distribution of various key poultry brands. Its current market capitalisation is R5,5 bn (www. moneyweb. co. za) Despite a 5% drop in sales volumes, revenue for Astral Foods poultry division increased by 13% for the 2009 financial year. (Astral Foods Annual Report, 2009).The market was neutral about the appoin tment of Chris Schutte as the Chief Executive Officer, effective 1 May 2009. The share price was also not responsive to the appointment of Daan Ferreira as the Financial Director. This may be because it was not comprehend to be mindful of BBBEE. The improvement in Astral Foods revenue for the 2010 period was largely attributable to a sustained growth in volume. The volume growth was on the back of improved production results supported by better poultry health status.Depressed consumer spending, together with higher levels of imports and high local stock levels, contributed to vigorous promotional activity with prices at levels below historical levels. Reduced feeding costs during the period countered the effects of lower poultry selling prices. A lengthy period of industrial action at Earlybird Standerton negatively impacted the companys share performance. (Astral Foods Annual Report 2010) pic The graph above shows the steady upward trend in Astral Foods share price.Not surprising ly, it follows a similar pattern to Rainbow Chickens share price with pronounced sell-offs in the first and second quarters of 2009 and improvements thereafter. This pattern provides comfort because of the consistency of both companys responsiveness to events in the poultry industry. It would be concerning if the companies had different trajectories. The consensus amongst analysts is that the South African poultry industry is poised for significant growth given that the price of chicken has risen by 30 per cent year-on-year while the cost of feed has come down.We anticipate that Rainbows share price will maintain its upward trend. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Astral Foods Limited Annual Report, 2009. www. astralfoods. com 2. EIA Independent Statistics and Analysis, US talent Information Administration, www. eia. doe. gov 3. www. eskom. co. za 4. www. finweek. co. za/Economy/Food-inflation-still-a-concern-20100301 5. www. globalsherpa. org/china-africa-brics 6. www. heineken. com 7. www . moneyweb. o. za 8. Rainbow Chicken Limited Annual Report, 2009 and 2010, www. rainbowchicken. co. za 9. Reserve Bank Quarterly Bulletin March 2011,www. resbank. co. za 10. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2009, www. sabmiller. com 11. SABMiller PLC Annual Report, 2010, www. sabmiller. com 12. Statistics South Africa, Statistical renounce P0141, www. statssa. gov. za 13. www. xe. com pic Economics Assignment 2011 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT LOCAL ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY / COMPETITORS COMPANY SHARE PRICE

Civil War And Reconstruction Essay

The Civil War is the most widely written about event in American history and Reconstruction is the most mis-understood and least appreciated subject within this wider issue. Most people would prefer to escape into the heroic exploits of the battles that were fought than deal with the difficult social problems that the former enslaved population had to deal with. I am offering this essay since I believe that the African-Americans have been done a great disservice by the Nation.As a people they were forcibly brought to this land, they were enslaved in an illegal and immoral system of rules, and then they were abandoned by that same Nation ostensibly after having their freedom returned. What happened to them was not fair and there is a debt out-of-pocket to them. I hope to show in this paper about of the offenses that I find glaring. What was Reconstruction supposed to accomplish? Was it supposed to provide a sassy economic start for the freed peoples? Was it supposed to rebuild an d reorder the state governments that had seceded?Was it supposed to prosecute and imprison former Confederate officials? These questions were never fully answered, and for the most persona they were never even adequately addressed. Liberals and African-Americans are much sensitive to the burden of the unfulfilled promise of Emancipation and Reconstruction, temporary hookup so-called realists and conservatives proclaim that too very much help has already been given (think Affirmative Action). The truth though, does not lie neatly in the middle between these extremes.Horrific sermon was an acerbic fact for the enslaved peoples, and they were denied an equal opportunity to enter fully the American body politic. To make matters worse this bitter cup of denied citizenship is still too often a fact today. Recently, the folk singer Bob Dylan (Rolling Stone, Sept. 2012) has said the country will never be able to rid itself of the shame of being founded on the backs of slaves. I would like to rehearse some of the story of thralldom, some critical events in the war and afterwards, and to offer a reasonable suggestion for Restitution.The introduction of African Slavery to these shores was an unplanned event although the Spanish and the Portuguese had been involved with this trade for almost 100 years in this hemisphere before it appeared here. These are some of the highlights of that employ here The first African slaves were 19 people, who in 1619 were captured by Dutch sailors from Spanish slave traders. Subsequently they were sold to the colonists at Jamestown for food. Initially, these people worked as indenture servants but they ultimately gained their freedom after completing a work contract for the colonists. The phrase indentured servant is misleading in this case since its new-fangled usage means someone who works for a fixed period and is then manumitted. This was not the arrangement that was applied to the African captives who arrived later than thes e initial individuals did, since the habituate gradually evolved to treat the adults as well as the children of the female slaves as also enslaved people ( break openus sequitur ventrum)2. some other misleading statement is that the term servant was widely used in the South, even past 1865, to refer to African people who were actually enslaved. Therefore, not much credence should be put into the seemingly gracious phrase of servant3 when applied to these unfortunate human beings. The cost of this agitate was attractive to the colonists since by 1638 an enslaved African laborer could be purchased for $27 while a European indentured servant cost a planter $255 for one years work.4 The economic appeal of enslaved African laborers became the norm and promptly spread throughout the colonies.After twenty years, ordinances legitimizing enslavement were commonplace in almost every colony and the practice had morphed into bondage for life, or more properly, chattel bondage. 5 These pra ctices were immoral they had no place in a respectable society. The pernicious tendency to view the Africans through the white supremacist lens quickly became dominant and was a concomitant of this chattel slavery. This was punctuated by the knowledge that Europeans were never enslaved while most enslaved people were Africans. The skin color of the enslaved became a facile print that fit in well with the culturally supremacist view of the European colonists.In this section I try to show how the African Slave System, after gaining a foothold went on to become the most important part of the economy of the new Nation As the profitability of the colonists agricultural enterprises quickly rose, it was essential to arrive at a sufficient number of workers since labor shortages were a constant headache. 7 Enslavement of the Indigenous Peoples had become steadily more problematic and by the 1750s this practice had ceased altogether. European workers were both expensive and tended to leave their employers to start plantations of their own, or to return home.Therefore, a more reliable source of economically viable labor became a necessity, and that baleful need coincided with the rise of the Trans- Atlantic Slave Trade from Africa. This phenomenon was heaviest during the 16th through the 19th centuries,9 when an estimated 11 million captives from Africa were ultimately landed at Western Hemispheric destinations out of 15 million who had been loaded onto these horror-filled ships. 0 The differences in these numbers were human beings who had died en route through miserable treatment meted out by the slave traders. The attrition rate during these voyages was a startling 0. 36 persons for every person who disembarked in the New World. We should not forget these complete(a) truths. About 650,000 720,000 apprehended persons of the numbers shown above,11 it is thought, were brought into what was to become the United States. Employing the attrition rate noted before we can estimate that about 245,000 people were lost from the amount of money number of captives bound for these shores.Given the losses in the war that was to come its almost as though the Divine Being had decided to punish this country for these sins at a rate of three-to-one. By 1860, the survivors had increased through natural growth to more than 4. 000,000 enslaved and freed peoples12 and were primarily located in the states that were to become part of the Confederacy (76% there and another 18% in the Border States13). What fueled this enormous increase in the numbers of the enslaved was that starting in the 1790s the variation of the cotton gin and the corresponding leap in cotton exports demanded an exponential rise in subservient labor.So what had started as a straightforward humble agricultural experiment, primarily growing foodstuffs, had metastasized into an industrial system practically keeping the Nation afloat with its lucrative revenues. Before the war began the cotton tr ade or more realistically King Cotton constituted 2/3 rds of the wealth of the Nation. 14 What motivated these slaveholders to import and retain so many African Laborers besides the economics? Evidently the lure of being a member of an aristocratic leisured-class was appealing.Most of the apologists for these slaveholders had classical education, and they employed arguments from Greek and Roman Antiquity, which portrayed slavery as a prominent component of the civilizing mission they were engaged in. Their lower income regional compatriots, although not slave owners themselves, were eager to emulate this conduct, which they viewed as valuable and status-filled. The Confederate way of life was born it was profitable for the elite it was an identity vehicle for the lower classes but it was hellish for the enslaved.Further, it was built upon the most cruel and involuntary system imaginable which had as a mainstay the dissolution of the Africans families both here and in their origin al homelands. The American governmental establishment at all levels -bears the great guilt for this outrageous affront. It is important to recall that these slave traders and slaveholders were in many cases prominent members of the various governments that acceded to or promoted this horrific conduct. The enslaved people, it should be remembered, did not voluntarily match to be forcibly dragged to these shores.Despite the claims made by the Slavocracy that they were performing a civilizing mission by maintaining this obscene practice, the only positive good was that the lives of the slaveholders was being enhance EXASPERATION After Slavery had become such an integral component of the Nation, regional differences in the attitudes towards that infernal system began to be felt all around. wrath was the order of the day but the African enslaved people were suffering the most There were three sets of players in this tragedy the Northern Whites the Southern Whites (slaveholders and on -slave holders) and the enslaved Africans. It is unequivocally genuine that the enslaved peoples did not create nor did they benefit from this monstrous catastrophe. The other groups however, either benefited in a direct way or thought their social status was improve through the bacillus of racism. Exasperation however, was shared by all to some degree. The Northerners became progressively more dissatisfied with their impotence following the Revolution while the Southerners were more and more anxious that the North was lining up new Free Soil states that would nullify their voting majorities in Congress.The enslaved though, were in anguish since everything that people could cherish was systematically being denied to them after they had been wrenched away from their homes. The enslaved increasingly attempted to build an alternate life, sub-rosa as it were, by fleeing their masters or by engaging in sabotage or willful incoherence. 15 They also constructed a parallel universe of t heir own by founding separate places of worship (the Whites did not dispense with the enslaved to be an equal part of their devotional services) and their own systems of less-than-formal education. t was during this period that it could be said that a new genus was born the African American. What they did not have was any significant power over their futures except as ad hoc combinations that could be assembled, when conditions permitted. They expressed this through manifestations such as the Underground Railroad16 (which aphorism 6,000 30,000 African-American flee figures are imprecise), various slave rebellions (some bloody), and a general unwillingness to be smothered by enslavement (conduct just short of insurrection).Another group, though small in numbers, was the Free Blacks. These people became the vanguard of the African-American middle and professional classes that successfully operated between the seams of the larger society. The actions of this sub-group were able to r elieve some of the pressures that had built up in the larger body of enslaved African-Americans and help to point the way for a more prosperous life for all.

Political Theory and the Great Gatsby

In his article A New World, Material Without Being Real Fitzgeralds Critique of capitalist economy in The Great Gatsby, Ross Posnock establishes Fitzgeralds interest in Marxism by placing him as a Nietzschean Marxist and contemporizing him with Georg Lukacss History and Class Consciousness, printed in 1923, and with Marxs theories by extension, attempting to demonstrate how deeply Marxs criticism is assimilated into the novels imaginative life, although he is careful to point out that Fitzgerald does not share their abhorrence of capitalism 201.Posnock offers a close reading of material objects and Gatsbys subsequent bafflement with them to analyze the bout between the individual and society, Nietzsche and Marx. I would suggest a revision to Posnocks analysis of The Great Gatsby, reidentifying the material domain Posnock places as Gatsbys as that of the Buchanans, with Gatsby an inexplicit imposter.As Habermas summarizes, Nietzsches theory of knowledge is replaced by a perspecti val theory of the affects whose highest principle is that every belief, every taking-for-true, is necessarily false because there is no true realism Habermas 122. In analyzing the material acquisitions of Gatsby, Posnock seems to demonstrate how Gatsby attempts to create himself, to make his world real, through the material values of the Buchanans.Yet his past and his characteristics, his old sport catchphrase, are all told a smokescreen diverting us from knowing the true character of Gatsby. Nietzsche would seem to offer the explanation that there is no real Gatsby. Coppola similarly provides a material reading of Gatsby in the opening sequence of his screenplay, as he moves the audience from Gatsbys cars to his concert Steinway, crystal decanters, a toilet set of pure torpid gold, rows and rows of fine suits (plus one military uniform), and an emerald ring Coppola 1-3.Posnock and Coppola seem to see a system of material enclosure created by the Tom Buchanans of the world, the American aristocracy, complete with incorrupt values. The system has created the parameters by which Gatsby may define himself, by his possessions. Reexaminations of Marxism, such as the thought of Jurgen Habermas, investigates the genial and cultural implications about which Marx wrote, allowing for deeper analysis than Posnocks superficial offering.If my understanding is correct, in Legitimation Crisis, Habermas looks at socio-cultural crisis tendencies and how they reflect policy-making and stinting systems crises, saying that input crises of the socio-cultural system are output crises of economic and political systems, or that the crises of the political and economic systems manifest themselves through the socio-cultural system. Thus, the crisis of an impostor illegally climbing the class hierarchy, acquiring power and influence, manifests itself affablely, in the conflict between Tom and Gatsby for Daisys have it away.But this social crisis has political and economic conse quences as well, reflected through our narrator. correspond to Habermas, In advanced capitalism, changes in the socio-cultural system are be attack apparent at the level of cultural tradition (moral systems, world views) as well as at the level of structural change and core components of the bourgeois ideology become questionable (endangering civil and familial-professional privatism) 48-49. The socio-cultural system lagged bunghole while the economic system moved from traditional to liberal capitalism (laissez-faire capitalism).As the economic system moved into advanced capitalism with the power of the Progressives (beginning with Theodore Roosevelt), the socio-cultural system caught up as well, forcing changes in input from the political system. Consequently, the political system has interfered more with civic privatism, including the New Deal and Lyndon Johnsons Great Society programs, in a search to build new, satisfactory normative structures while older but imperative norma tive structures, like education, have lagged behind, jeopardizing the economic system.The Great Gatsby is set at the socio-cultural junction that Habermas describes. Essentially, our nation was coming of age, and the booming period of the 1920s could be interpreted as a dysfunctional attempt to enjoy the newly-available economic riches. In terms of Gatsby, the conflict between Gatsby and Buchanan really focuses on chip Carraway, our narrator. In the same way that Gatsby has already chosen to define himself via the social norms established, Nick must(prenominal) now also decide how to define himself as he claims his voice as narrator.According to Judith Butler, who is interpreting Lacan, Entrance into language comes at a impairment the norms that govern the inception of the speaking contentedness differentiate the subject from the unspeakable, that is, produce an unspeakability as the condition of subject formation Butler 135. We encounter Nick by and by his coming of age, marke d by his 30th birthday on the evening of Tom and Gatsbys confrontation, a day when the transition from libertine to prig was so complete Fitzgerald 137, after he is allowed a voice.In fact, Carraway is only offered the opportunity to speak by his laissez-faire reaction to the moral dilemma. According to Butler Although psychoanalysis refers to this inception of the subject as taking place in infancy, this primary relation to speech, the subjects entry into language by way of the originary bar is reinvoked in political life when the question of be able to speak is once again a condition of the subjects survival.The question of the cost of this survival is not simply that an unconscious is produced that cannot be fully assimilated to the ego, or that a real is produced that can never be presented within language. The condition for the subjects survival is precisely the foreclosure of what threatens the subject most fundamentally thus, the bar produces the threat and defends against i t at the same time 135. The conflict of The Great Gatsby, if we apply Butler, focuses on Nick Carraway through the threat of Jay Gatsbys impediment on social hierarchy.The foreclosure of the threat, the execution of Gatsby, presents the bar, the moral dilemma to which Nick must react. According to Saussure, The social uses of language owe their specifically social value to the fact that they tend to be organized in systems of difference which reproduce the system of social difference. To speak is to appropriate one or another of the expressive styles already constituted in and through usage and objectively marked by their coiffe in a hierarchy of styles which expresses the hierarchy of corresponding social groups Butler 157.As Butler points out, Saussure is rehabilitating the base/superstructure model through the relationship of language and the social system Butler 157. The fight of Gatsby is really over cultural norms, and how Nick reacts in the last chapter is essential to th e American future, in terms of Habermas, but also presents the threat of Nick being cast into the realm of the unspeakable. In his final encounter with Jordan Baker, Nick learns that turning 30, with the portentous menacing road of a new go before him Fitzgerald 143, comes final responsibility in speaking.When he says to her, Im thirty. Im five years too old to lie to myself and call it honor Fitzgerald 186, Nick realizes he insults Jordan, shape her into the unspeakable by citing their age difference She didnt answer. Angry, and half in love with her, and tremendously sorry, I turned away Fitzgerald 186. Not knowing exactly how he feels about Jordan and speaking without knowing, Nick comes to understanding the importance of speech through the guilt and shame he feels.That his ambivalent feelings toward Jordan, being half in love with her, mirror his feelings toward Gatsby, the contradictions that Donaldson points out would indicate that Nick comes to an informed decision about G atsby before weighty the story. At some point between Nick telling Gatsby Theyre a rotten crowd. Youre worth the whole damn bunch put together Fitzgerald 162 and telling the reader, I disapproved of him from beginning to end Fitzgerald 162, one sentence later, Nick came to a moral understanding with socio-cultural and political implications.

Venture Capital Funding Essay

The determinants of go Capital Funding Performance of US hazard Capital Firms against European VCsProblem StatementOver the cash in ones chips decade, many questioners get down praised the influence of Venture Capital (VC) as a key driver of entrepreneurism, start-ups, inst anyation and economic growth (Da Rin et al., 2006 Cumming, 2014). VC has long been studied and observed in the joined States, it is for these positive reasons that the EU have outlined the development of VC as a major policy priority (EVCA, 2001). It is only within the give out 20 years that the European Market has moved from being perceived as an emerging marketplace in terms of VC, and that even by the start of the 21st Century, the aggregated enthronement volume was 12 billion which was less than 25% of the the Statesn investment volume at that time (Hege et al., 2003 EVCA, 2001). Due to the relatively recent development of VC in Europe, there is a large kerfuffle in the existing research as to the steadfastness and influences of VC in Europe. Certainly Popov & Roosenboom, (2013) bemoan the fact that the majority of existing research into infer not bad(p) typically focuses its attention on the United States. Thus, there is a real shortage of effective empirical studies into the behaviours and qualities of European VC. Jeng and Wells (2000) support this view, explaining that factors such as the contracting, organisation of VC firms, egest decisions, and the peculiarities of Europe atomic number 18 not fully understood, nor has the features that European markets share with American ones have not been made in strong detail. Thus, this dissertation testamenting provide a comparative study into the American VCs and European VCs. This micro-level study result to address the cattle ranch in existing research of the rate of return for VC in the US and the EU, doable the most influential emerging markets for menace financing.Purpose StatementThis research go forth look to e xamine the surgery of US venture cracking firms against European venture capital firms to identify whether a gap exists betwixt the two groups and to determine whether European VCs ca improve the rates of return from total investment establish on funding frequency and other variables. The main objectives of this dissertation areTo determine if there is a gap in the levels of slaying amongst American VC and European VC paying particular attention to the type of exit and rate of return. To explore whether any gap could be the result of major differences in the contractual family between VCs and startups in these regions or from the use of key tools that assert an active role of VCs in the march of value creation. To identify any relevant policy determinants including regional tax, investment protection/treaty, Intellectual attribute rights, and financial regulation. To determine whether US VCs have better screening skills than European VCs and whether this produces a higher deg ree of turning sign investments and funding frequency into successful ventures.Importance of the StudyThis research looks to address the gap in the existing research into the emergence of VC in European markets, and looks to benchmark this against VCs in the United States. Researchers, entropy providers, and trade associations have all observed the notable gap in existing research into VC in Europe (Da Rin et al., 2006 Cumming, 2014). Trade associations have even pointed to this gap in sagaciousness as a main(a) factor that causes them to hesitate with early-stage financing. This dissertation study will excessively be significant as it will look to provide a critical, microeconomic analysis of the main drivers and influence of successful VCs in America and observe these against VCs in Europe, exploring contractual features and firm characteristics to define and quantify the determinants of VC returns. This will look to address the gap in existing research in the European VC sec tor and provide a greater understanding of VCs in Europe.Proposed Research MethodA combination of quantitate and qualitative research tools will be apply to complete this study. Research study will be found using a range of sources, including the creative activity Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmen (OECD) and other key institutions with data on several policy factors. These data sources will provide information on an expansive range of portfolio organizations, key investments and ratings. Quantitative data analysis will be completed using the statistical package software SPSS. The statistical package software benefits the killing and transformation of the data. Following the completion of the data collection stage, the researcher will analyse the raw data and assemble the results into a data matrix. This data matrix with contain the details of the study with key information sorted into columns, variable and values. The data matrix will then be app ly for statistical calculations and used for the analysis of the results. This dataset will allows the researcher to study organisations performance in terms of inside Rate of Return (IRR) of the investment amongst the initial investment to the final value of the firm. This study will also aim to quantify the influence of VCs on project profitability in Europe and compare this to the United states. A valuation-based measure of the rate of return will be used to examine the characteristics of European VCs against US VCs. independent variables to be studied will include age (the time elapsed since the VC raised the premier(prenominal) fund), Regional (does the VC only invest in their own country), Companies (the number of companies in the VCs portfolio), Duration (the average investment duration in years), and, finally, the taxation policies of the US and Europe. The following equation will be used to shoot for estimated values (V1) for the first stage valuation for all European organizations Qi = V1i=I1i.Here Qi represents the initial value for company, whereas i is the multiple of the initial investment. The average Qj ratio will be determined of all selected studies.Research HypothesesThe research will also use the following hypothesesHypothesis 1 European VCs performance is positively correlated with the rate of return of the investment between the initial investment and the final valuation of the project/firm. Hypothesis 2 outgrowthd continuity of VCs engenders a stronger relationship which reduces barriers to financing and will increase returns. Hypothesis 3 European Venture-backed companies could benefit from the presence of alternative investments besides independent VCs. ReferencesBlack, B. S., Gilson, R. J. (1998) Venture capital and the structure of capital markets banks versus stock markets, Journal of Financial Economics, 47, pp. 243-277.Cumming, D. (2014) Public economics gone wild Lessons from venture capital, International Review of Financi al Analysis, 36, pp. 251-260.Da Rin, M., Nicodano, G., Sembenelli, A. (2006) Public Policy and the reaction of active venture capital markets, in Journal of Public Economics, 90, pp. 1699-1723.EVCA (2001) A Survey of Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe, Yearbook 2001Green, J. (2004) Venture capital at a new crossroads, Journal of Management Development, 23(10), pp. 972 976.Hege, U., Palomino, F., Schwienbacher, A. (2003) Determinants of Venture Capital Performance Europe and the United States, LSE Working Paper, 1, pp. 1-40.Jeng, L. A., Wells, P. C. (2000) The determinants of venture capital funding evidence crossways countries, Journal of Corporate Finance, 6, pp. 241-289.Popov, A., Roosenboom, P. (2013) Venture Capital and New Business Creation, Journal of Banking & Finance, 37, pp. 4695-4710.

Analysis of the boy in the stripped pyjamas

The boy In the striped pajamas. The p demiseic film Is rough the life o Bruno a little German boy. N of one of the most historic Nazis in the second introduction war and how he lives next to a concentration, one day he finds the fence and in the other side of it is a boy with a pajamas, Bruno starts getting curious about this boy and he discovers that the name of the boy is Samuel, they start a friendship without steady knowing that if soul discover their friendship there would be problems for Samuel. When you are a little kid you do non Judge people and you see the good In everyone, Bruno did non know that he must non talk to he people In the other side of the fence , he didnt expect that Ideas that fully grown people had.The movie shows the innocence of a child and the mistakes grown people do. Q How do you relate to a geek/event /idea/setting in this text? Give your personal opinion of this character and reflect on why you think this I children are the most honest peop le because they dont have ideas that adult people have, that is what I like about Bruno his innocence and how he just wanted to dish Samuel despite his position, Bruno Is a loyal friend and makes everything to be with Samuel n example of It is in one of the last scenes when he grabs the hand of his friend before getting into the gas chamber.He died with his friend and he didnt know he wasnt supposed to be there, that his father was one of the reasons that the fences where there. People lost everything in this places, but children where the more alter because the lost their innocence and I hope I never related to this kind of stories. Q Explain in detail what how and why this text teaches you something about yourself/collect/human nature/our world (historical or present day). What do you think is the writers directors purpose?Humans are cruel and they dont see what they do, but they are not born like this society teach them that, that is what the movie teach me about humanity, soc iety tells what is right and what is unlawful but when you are a kid you dont have this ideas and you just live without worries, Bruno show us this, even though his father was one of the mans elders he didnt understand. Adults can Influence In kids we can see this in Brunts sister, she stop laying with dolls and being a girl and started putting posters of heeler and having pro Nazis ideas thanks to the things she saw and she lived. account book Count Apron 300) Q. Why do you recommend this text? (Add more detail to your answers to Sq 1-3/ink to your go steady and knowledge of the wider world in an insightful way by looking texts you have read and/or viewed) This movie reminds of the book the diary of Anne frank one of the most famous books in history, The diary of Anne stark(a) tells the story f a girl living in a hidden place with their family and more people, they lived like this for 2 years trying to hide from the Nazis in Amsterdam.Both of this stories talk about the second world war and both(prenominal) of them are narrate by 2 kids in the progress of growing up, both of them are in danger because of the Nazis. Anne is in danger because they are looking for her and her family, Bruno was in danger because he lived with them and they could invade his mind with that kind of ideas. I recommend this movie to all the ones that want to see a friendship movie.

“What is right and wrong?” and “What is Truth?”

Life is characterized by m entirely situations that require decision reservation, especially on virtuous grounds. The fuck of what makes an put to death secure and impairment has been studied for a lengthy period of time and several theories veritable to address this aftermath. Socrates and Aristotle are some of the early philosophers who came up with theories nigh the rightness or impairmentness of actions. As noted by Warnek (2005), Socrates considered self-knowledge as necessity of life and in like manner, an important ingredient to success.Socrates stated that every several(prenominal) needs to attain self-knowledge which is acquired by studying every fact necessary for existence. Socrates believed that by possessing knowledge abtaboo what is right, somebodys are most likely to perform good deeds and that the bad deeds in the comp any come from those who are ignorant of what is right and wrong. Socrates purportd that, by being aware of the spiritual and mental cons equences of wrong actions, no individual would even consider engaging in such actions. According to Socrates, any individual who is aware of a truly right action will automatically choose it over the wrong superstar.Aristotle on the different hand stated that all humans have physical, emotional and judicious natures. Of the three, Aristotle considered the rational nature as not only being the most important of the three but also uniquely human and fundamental to philosophical self-awareness. Aristotle encouraged directionration and regarded extreme actions as being basal and degrading. For instance, recklessness and cowardice are extreme virtues of courage. Therefore, According to Aristotle, humans should strive to live well by letting their actions be governed by moderate virtues.He further stated that this way of life base be achieved by choosing the right topics in life at the right time and place. The ethical theories associated with the novel era include consequentiali sm and deontology. Consequentialism is made up of moral theories that propose that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the outcome or the consequences of the act (Darwall, 2003). Thus, from the perspective of a consequentialist, a morally right act is one that results in a positive or good outcome.Consequentialist theories put a haulage of weight on outcomes when assessing the rightness or wrongness of actions. Generally, according to consequentialists, consequences eer outweigh all other considerations when determining right and wrong. Most of the consequentialist theories generally address issues like consequences considered as good, the main beneficiaries of moral actions, the mode or judging consequences, and who is to judge them. Consequentialism can be categorized according to the consequences that matter most.For example, hedonistic utilitarianists propose that good or the right actions are those that result in increments of pleasure, and the best actio ns are those that result in the most pleasure. The other category is that of eudaimonic consequentialism, who believe that the right action is one that ultimately aims at making an individual achieve a flourishing and full life (Darwall, 2003). Similarly, the consequence that matters most to aesthetic consequentialists is apricot and on that point are numerous other consequentialist theories that regard different amours to be of uttermost importance.Deontologists differ from consequentialists in that, unlike consequentialists who examine the consequences when seeking to determine the rights and wrongs, deontologists examine the virtue of the act. Thus, according to deontologists, an act can be right even if it results in negative or bad consequences. Immanuel Kant is among the individuals who conjoined the deontology when coming up with theories addressing responsibility and wrongness (Brooks & Dunn, 2009).Kant concludes that individuals must act according to their duties if t heir actions are to be considered right and also that it is the motives of the individual carrying out the act that are the primary determinants of the rightness or wrongness of their actions. Postmodern ethics however approaches this issue from a different perspective. According to postmodernists, the innovation is full of rationality and if one is to determine the rightness or wrongness of an action, the individual would first have to study the complex situations surrounding the action.Thus, according to postmodernism, an idea cannot be simply regarded as right or wrong and there are no moral absolutes. For instance, if one were to find oneself in the Second World War, hiding a Jew in his or her family unit and a Nazi solder knocks on the individuals door and asks the individual if he or she has any Jews in his or her ho utilization, would it be right or wrong to tell the accuracy knowing that his or her answer will determine if the Jew lives or not? Such an issue presents a co mplex moral dilemma given that it is wrong to tell a lie about the Jew being in the house but at the ame time, it is still wrong to let an innocent individual be killed when it can be prevented. For a long time now, individuals have utilized dilemmas like the one stated above to argue that there are no moral absolutes. The above situation is an example that one can use to argue that lying is not always wrong and that in such complex dilemmas, the right thing to do is determined by the act that results in a greater good. Most individuals in the cosmea today embrace reality and argue that ethics is relative to individuals, time and the culture of the individuals.It is with such arguments that the world today is presented with numerous disagreements about issues like abortion, the death sentence, pre-marital sex and gay rights, to mention but a few. Most individuals have different views when it comes to interpreting the rightness or wrongness of some controversial issues such as the a bove mentioned. What is truth? The definition of truth may be simple but its interlingual rendition is complex and just like the question of what is right and wrong, varies from individual to individual.A basic definition of truth is that it is that which is agrees with reality, actuality or simply, a fact (Rappaport, 1999). One way to approach the definition of truth is by considering that all the perspectives of approaching truth are equally valid and that truth is relative to an individual. This perspective that bases truth on realism is however faulty given the contradictions surrounding relativity. For instance, what is true to one person is not always true to another as shown by the contradiction between religious truths.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God and the Messiah a view Muslims do not agree with. This is not to imply that there are no absolute truths. An example of a sentence of absolutely truth is that, something cannot puddle itself. Logically, the th ing would first have to be present if it is to possess the ability to create and if it already exists, then how would it create itself? The above example is truth based on logic but there are truths that cannot be logically rationaliseed for instance, stating that an individual truly loves another.It can be very difficult to use the theories of logic to explain the individuals feelings. From the above examples, it can be concluded that truth is that which obeys the rules of logic and reality, or any of the two. Realism, to a certain degree agrees with logic and truth and therefore presents the best approach towards the determination of truth. To adopt a relative perspective however, individuals must be ready to acknowledge that a statement regarded as being true by one individual may not be acceptable by another.